Animal cruelty has been a huge controversial subject throughout world's history. Because of our love for animals, my group decided to use this debated topic as our umbrella topic. We will use the research we find to inform and aware 18 to 65 year olds of animal cruelty. There are many forms of animal cruelty, but we decided to focus on Sea World, factory farming, and animal experimentation. I decided to research animal testing because it is done all over the world, and is a huge part of medical industries.
Animals have been a part of biomedical research for a long time, Greek physician-scientists experimented on living animals for their research. Rome was big on animal experimentation to improve the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Today, many major companies do tests on animals to supposedly help the safety of humans who use their products. The European Union, India, and United States are major countries and places that animal experimentation takes place in. I chose this topic because my group members and I are very interested in animal cruelty, and I was especially interested in experimentation. I want to know the reasoning for it, and the morality behind the act. I also want to know why or why not it is necessary. I haven’t looked into this subject before, so I am also excited to learn new things along with my current knowledge on the subtopic. I have always been interested in knowing who tests on animals and what they actually do, whether it is extremely harmful or not. Seeing a lot of my makeup products or face washes was the main reason why I chose this topic. I saw “not tested on animals” on my St. Ive’s face wash, and the tests really interest me and the harm that could be done. I love animals too, so I really want to know how they get chosen for tests. I am excited to inform anyone who is interested in experimentation that occur on animals. Below I read, annotated and summarized ten sources on animal experimentation. These websites helped me get a better understanding of animal experimentation.
Hajar, Rachel. "Formats:." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National
Library of Medicine, 01 July 0005. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123518/>.
The first website that I found information on was at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123518, where I found information about the origin of animal experimentation. This article found online shows the progression over time of animal testing. It informs the audience that animal testing has been around for years, used for biomedical research and drug testing. It also discusses how many people believe that animal testing is unnecessary and there are campaigns trying to end it. Also there are people who believe stopping animal experimentation will ultimately eliminate important medical research.
This website is critical for informing someone on when and where animal experimentation started. This website is effective because a reader can also learn about the different testing’s that have been used over the years. This would be a good source to further explore because it informs the reader about the people who support animal testing and those who do not.
"International Animal Testing Programs." PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/us-government-animal-
testing-programs/international-animal-testing-programs/>.
Another website I found that relates to my subtopic is at http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/us-government-animal-testing-programs/international-animal-testing-programs/>. Here you can find that PETA (people for the ethical treatment of animals), has done global research on animal experimentation. They talk about the discoveries in both India and the European Union. On this website, it tells the readers about PETA’s efforts in trying to stop animal experimentation. Here, they also discuss their successes at these locations where they made progress for the ethical treatment of animals.
This website was worthy of include into my bibliography because it discusses the world-wide issue of animal experimentation, not just the United States. This is important to many people who are interested in animal cruelty because it shows what is being done to stop animal cruelty all over the world. This is essential for informing people who are interested in PETA’s successes and other countries animal experimentation practices.
"Animal Testing - ProCon.org." ProConorg Headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
<http://animal-testing.procon.org/>.
Another website that I found was at http://animal-testing.procon.org/, where I found both the pros and the cons of animal experimentations. This website informs the audience with both the positive and negative effects of testing. This is important to any audience member who is interested in learning more about animal experimentation. Here they discuss the opinions on multiple topics that revolve around animal experimentation.
This website is really important for my subtopic because from this information I am including both the good and bad things from animal experimentation. I think this website is perfect for anyone who is interested in the thoughts of animal cruelty whether they support it or not. This source gives the audience multiple viewpoints, which could persuade someone to support or be against animal experimentation.
BBC News. BBC. Web. 15 May 2014.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml>.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml informs readers who are interested in the thoughts of those who are both for and against animal experimentation. This website also goes over the usefulness and benefits of animal experimentation. Here, this source also looks at the morality of the issue. This source includes proposals for alternatives to using animals in tests to study products that are created.
This website is efficient because it discusses morals on the subject and how it plays a role within company decisions. I think this website could be helpful to anyone who wonders about different approaches towards medical research. This website is definitely opinionated against animal experimentation, so most of the information on this page doesn’t include information about people who are for animal testing.
"Animals Used in Research." - The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS). N.p., n.d. Web.
03 May 2014.
<http://www.aavs.org/site/c.bkLTKfOSLhK6E/b.6446369/k.66FC/Animals_Used_in_Re
search.htm#.U2VHPfldWSo>.
Another website that I found was at http://www.aavs.org/site/c.bkLTKfOSLhK6E/b.6446369/k.66FC/Animals_Used_in_Research.htm#.U2VHPfldWSo where it talks about the pain animals endure and how they are selected and bought for experimentation. This website also gives facts about the increasing number of animals that have being tested on over the years.
I thought this website was interesting because it pertains to many questions I had before my initial research, like how companies choose animals and how they get selected for experimentation. I think an audience would find this interesting if they wanted to know the procedures that take place and also how the animals are selected. This website is effective for my purpose because it answers many of the questions that I have while doing my research on this subtopic.
"THE USE OF ANIMALS IN PRODUCT TESTING." The Use of Animals in Product Testing.
N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014. <http://www.navs.org/science/animals-in-product-testing>.
Another website that I found that will be good for my research was at http://www.navs.org/science/animals-in-product-testing. Here they discuss what products test on animals and why products have to be experienced on animals. On this website it talks about what the current tests are being used, and some of the problems that these tests are having. These problems include the suffering inflicted on the animals, and how faster and cheaper tests are needed aside from these current tests that are being used.
This website is worthy of annotating because it discusses the actual tests done on animals. The weakness and strengths each test has are also discussed throughout this source. This is an extremely informative artifact that helps establish a better understanding of experiments that are done on animals. Many audiences would find this website useful if they were interested in learning about product testing.
"Speak Out for Species (S.O.S) - Animals Used in Experiments and Testing." Speak Out for
Species (S.O.S) - Animals Used in Experiments and Testing. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May
2014. <http://sos.uga.edu/experiments.html>.
Another website I found was on http://sos.uga.edu/experiments.html where they discuss the use of animals in medical experiments, educational purposes and product testing. This website examines the problems with these acts, and how it is a painful experience for the animals. This artifact discusses the main animals used in experiments, and the animal cruelty acts laws that help protect some of these animals.
This website is important towards my research because it talks about the different laws that are being placed to help stop animal experimentation. People who are interested in animal cruelty should investigate this website to discover the animals being used in experimentations and which ones are being protected. This is also informative to an audience by showing how some animals don’t get their rights protected.
"Harm and Suffering | Animal Use in Research." Harm and Suffering | Animal Use in Research.
N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2014. <http://www.neavs.org/research/harm-suffering>.
Another website that I found useful for animal experimentation was at http://www.neavs.org/research/harm-suffering. Here they talk about the painful protocols that animals endure while being tested on. This website also discusses how many people believe that there are laws set up to protect the rights of animals, when really the laws aren’t exactly in the favor of helping animals. This artifact includes many facts about the Animal Welfare Act, and what people believe is being done versus what is actually being done for animal safety.
This website helps answer some of my questions I have about what procedures are being done on animals and why they are being done. It also talks about the side-effects of all of the tests and how the animals are harmed. I used this website because it is one of the only ones that gets into detail about the procedures done on animals, and I think that is a necessary step when trying to understand animal experimentation. This website can be useful to many other interested viewers because it aware an audience about the harms of the actual experimentations and also informs that many laws that are supposedly for animal rights, are set up so they aren’t.
"Animals Used for Experimentation." PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.
<http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/>.
The next website I used was the one I used for my rhetorical analysis at http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/. Here they give many different stories, facts and videos to show and explain animal experimentation to viewers. PETA discusses the countries and businesses where animal testing is being used, and what is being done to the animals. They also share successes their company has had and how important it is for them to end animal abuse.
This website is useful towards my topic because it includes everything about animal experimentation, from the tests being done and ways to stop it. This website would be beneficial to potential audiences who are interested in taking action, rather than just becoming informed. Here they have a spot to donate to the PETA foundation where contributions would go towards saving the lives of animals.
"Vertebrate Journal." Vertebrate Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.
<http://www.vertebratejournal.org/2013/animal-experimentation-science-ethics-and-the- controversy/>.
The last website I chose to investigate was at http://www.vertebratejournal.org/2013/animal-experimentation-science-ethics-and-the-controversy/, where it talks about the science, ethics, and the controversy of animal experimentation. Here they discuss the importance of biomedical research and how animals are a huge contribution to the health of humans. In the discussion of ethics, alternatives to animal testing is brought up many times throughout this website. Here you can find information regarding the importance of animal experimentation and also the why many people find animal testing a negative part of research.
This website is useful because many people are interested in understanding animal experimentation. Viewers can learn a lot about why animal experimentation is beneficial to members of society. Also, it brings up points of disapproval in animal experimentation and how it can be looked at as cruel. This website is useful to my research because it thoroughly discusses the morality of animal experimentation, which is one of my biggest interest as a person who is trying to become more informed about the topic.
Animals have been a part of biomedical research for a long time, Greek physician-scientists experimented on living animals for their research. Rome was big on animal experimentation to improve the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Today, many major companies do tests on animals to supposedly help the safety of humans who use their products. The European Union, India, and United States are major countries and places that animal experimentation takes place in. I chose this topic because my group members and I are very interested in animal cruelty, and I was especially interested in experimentation. I want to know the reasoning for it, and the morality behind the act. I also want to know why or why not it is necessary. I haven’t looked into this subject before, so I am also excited to learn new things along with my current knowledge on the subtopic. I have always been interested in knowing who tests on animals and what they actually do, whether it is extremely harmful or not. Seeing a lot of my makeup products or face washes was the main reason why I chose this topic. I saw “not tested on animals” on my St. Ive’s face wash, and the tests really interest me and the harm that could be done. I love animals too, so I really want to know how they get chosen for tests. I am excited to inform anyone who is interested in experimentation that occur on animals. Below I read, annotated and summarized ten sources on animal experimentation. These websites helped me get a better understanding of animal experimentation.
Hajar, Rachel. "Formats:." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National
Library of Medicine, 01 July 0005. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123518/>.
The first website that I found information on was at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123518, where I found information about the origin of animal experimentation. This article found online shows the progression over time of animal testing. It informs the audience that animal testing has been around for years, used for biomedical research and drug testing. It also discusses how many people believe that animal testing is unnecessary and there are campaigns trying to end it. Also there are people who believe stopping animal experimentation will ultimately eliminate important medical research.
This website is critical for informing someone on when and where animal experimentation started. This website is effective because a reader can also learn about the different testing’s that have been used over the years. This would be a good source to further explore because it informs the reader about the people who support animal testing and those who do not.
"International Animal Testing Programs." PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/us-government-animal-
testing-programs/international-animal-testing-programs/>.
Another website I found that relates to my subtopic is at http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/us-government-animal-testing-programs/international-animal-testing-programs/>. Here you can find that PETA (people for the ethical treatment of animals), has done global research on animal experimentation. They talk about the discoveries in both India and the European Union. On this website, it tells the readers about PETA’s efforts in trying to stop animal experimentation. Here, they also discuss their successes at these locations where they made progress for the ethical treatment of animals.
This website was worthy of include into my bibliography because it discusses the world-wide issue of animal experimentation, not just the United States. This is important to many people who are interested in animal cruelty because it shows what is being done to stop animal cruelty all over the world. This is essential for informing people who are interested in PETA’s successes and other countries animal experimentation practices.
"Animal Testing - ProCon.org." ProConorg Headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
<http://animal-testing.procon.org/>.
Another website that I found was at http://animal-testing.procon.org/, where I found both the pros and the cons of animal experimentations. This website informs the audience with both the positive and negative effects of testing. This is important to any audience member who is interested in learning more about animal experimentation. Here they discuss the opinions on multiple topics that revolve around animal experimentation.
This website is really important for my subtopic because from this information I am including both the good and bad things from animal experimentation. I think this website is perfect for anyone who is interested in the thoughts of animal cruelty whether they support it or not. This source gives the audience multiple viewpoints, which could persuade someone to support or be against animal experimentation.
BBC News. BBC. Web. 15 May 2014.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml>.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml informs readers who are interested in the thoughts of those who are both for and against animal experimentation. This website also goes over the usefulness and benefits of animal experimentation. Here, this source also looks at the morality of the issue. This source includes proposals for alternatives to using animals in tests to study products that are created.
This website is efficient because it discusses morals on the subject and how it plays a role within company decisions. I think this website could be helpful to anyone who wonders about different approaches towards medical research. This website is definitely opinionated against animal experimentation, so most of the information on this page doesn’t include information about people who are for animal testing.
"Animals Used in Research." - The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS). N.p., n.d. Web.
03 May 2014.
<http://www.aavs.org/site/c.bkLTKfOSLhK6E/b.6446369/k.66FC/Animals_Used_in_Re
search.htm#.U2VHPfldWSo>.
Another website that I found was at http://www.aavs.org/site/c.bkLTKfOSLhK6E/b.6446369/k.66FC/Animals_Used_in_Research.htm#.U2VHPfldWSo where it talks about the pain animals endure and how they are selected and bought for experimentation. This website also gives facts about the increasing number of animals that have being tested on over the years.
I thought this website was interesting because it pertains to many questions I had before my initial research, like how companies choose animals and how they get selected for experimentation. I think an audience would find this interesting if they wanted to know the procedures that take place and also how the animals are selected. This website is effective for my purpose because it answers many of the questions that I have while doing my research on this subtopic.
"THE USE OF ANIMALS IN PRODUCT TESTING." The Use of Animals in Product Testing.
N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014. <http://www.navs.org/science/animals-in-product-testing>.
Another website that I found that will be good for my research was at http://www.navs.org/science/animals-in-product-testing. Here they discuss what products test on animals and why products have to be experienced on animals. On this website it talks about what the current tests are being used, and some of the problems that these tests are having. These problems include the suffering inflicted on the animals, and how faster and cheaper tests are needed aside from these current tests that are being used.
This website is worthy of annotating because it discusses the actual tests done on animals. The weakness and strengths each test has are also discussed throughout this source. This is an extremely informative artifact that helps establish a better understanding of experiments that are done on animals. Many audiences would find this website useful if they were interested in learning about product testing.
"Speak Out for Species (S.O.S) - Animals Used in Experiments and Testing." Speak Out for
Species (S.O.S) - Animals Used in Experiments and Testing. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May
2014. <http://sos.uga.edu/experiments.html>.
Another website I found was on http://sos.uga.edu/experiments.html where they discuss the use of animals in medical experiments, educational purposes and product testing. This website examines the problems with these acts, and how it is a painful experience for the animals. This artifact discusses the main animals used in experiments, and the animal cruelty acts laws that help protect some of these animals.
This website is important towards my research because it talks about the different laws that are being placed to help stop animal experimentation. People who are interested in animal cruelty should investigate this website to discover the animals being used in experimentations and which ones are being protected. This is also informative to an audience by showing how some animals don’t get their rights protected.
"Harm and Suffering | Animal Use in Research." Harm and Suffering | Animal Use in Research.
N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2014. <http://www.neavs.org/research/harm-suffering>.
Another website that I found useful for animal experimentation was at http://www.neavs.org/research/harm-suffering. Here they talk about the painful protocols that animals endure while being tested on. This website also discusses how many people believe that there are laws set up to protect the rights of animals, when really the laws aren’t exactly in the favor of helping animals. This artifact includes many facts about the Animal Welfare Act, and what people believe is being done versus what is actually being done for animal safety.
This website helps answer some of my questions I have about what procedures are being done on animals and why they are being done. It also talks about the side-effects of all of the tests and how the animals are harmed. I used this website because it is one of the only ones that gets into detail about the procedures done on animals, and I think that is a necessary step when trying to understand animal experimentation. This website can be useful to many other interested viewers because it aware an audience about the harms of the actual experimentations and also informs that many laws that are supposedly for animal rights, are set up so they aren’t.
"Animals Used for Experimentation." PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2014.
<http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/>.
The next website I used was the one I used for my rhetorical analysis at http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/. Here they give many different stories, facts and videos to show and explain animal experimentation to viewers. PETA discusses the countries and businesses where animal testing is being used, and what is being done to the animals. They also share successes their company has had and how important it is for them to end animal abuse.
This website is useful towards my topic because it includes everything about animal experimentation, from the tests being done and ways to stop it. This website would be beneficial to potential audiences who are interested in taking action, rather than just becoming informed. Here they have a spot to donate to the PETA foundation where contributions would go towards saving the lives of animals.
"Vertebrate Journal." Vertebrate Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.
<http://www.vertebratejournal.org/2013/animal-experimentation-science-ethics-and-the- controversy/>.
The last website I chose to investigate was at http://www.vertebratejournal.org/2013/animal-experimentation-science-ethics-and-the-controversy/, where it talks about the science, ethics, and the controversy of animal experimentation. Here they discuss the importance of biomedical research and how animals are a huge contribution to the health of humans. In the discussion of ethics, alternatives to animal testing is brought up many times throughout this website. Here you can find information regarding the importance of animal experimentation and also the why many people find animal testing a negative part of research.
This website is useful because many people are interested in understanding animal experimentation. Viewers can learn a lot about why animal experimentation is beneficial to members of society. Also, it brings up points of disapproval in animal experimentation and how it can be looked at as cruel. This website is useful to my research because it thoroughly discusses the morality of animal experimentation, which is one of my biggest interest as a person who is trying to become more informed about the topic.